无障碍网页可访问性指南 1.0 检查要点

摘要

This document is an appendix to the W3C "无障碍网页可访问性指南 1.0". It provides a list of all 检查要点 from the 无障碍网页可访问性指南 1.0, organized by concept, as a checklist for 网页内容开发者. Please refer to the Guidelines document for introductory information, information about related documents, a glossary of terms, and more.

This list may be used to review a page or site for accessibility. For each 检查要点, indicate whether the 检查要点 has been satisfied, has not been satisfied, or is not applicable.

A 检查要点的表格版本 is also available (例如, for printing).

This document has been produced as part of the 互联网可访问性提案. The goal of the WAI Web Content Guidelines Working Group is discussed in the 工作组章程.

本文档的状态

This document is an appendix to a document that has been reviewed by W3C 成员 and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C 建议. This is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the 规范 and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and universality of the Web.

A list of current W3C 建议 and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR.

This document has been produced as part of the 互联网可访问性提案. The goal of the Web Content Guidelines Working Group is discussed in the 工作组章程.

Please send comments about this document to wai-wcag-editor@w3.org.

优先级

Each 检查要点 has a 优先级 level assigned by the Working Group based on the 检查要点's impact on accessibility.

[优先级 1]

网页内容开发者must satisfy this 检查要点. Otherwise, one or more groups will find it impossible to access information in the document. Satisfying this 检查要点 is a basic requirement for some groups to be able to use Web documents.

[优先级 2]

网页内容开发者should satisfy this 检查要点. Otherwise, one or more groups will find it difficult to access information in the document. Satisfying this 检查要点 will remove significant barriers to accessing Web documents.

[优先级 3]

网页内容开发者may address this 检查要点. Otherwise, one or more groups will find it somewhat difficult to access information in the document. Satisfying this 检查要点 will improve access to Web documents.

Some 检查要点 specify a 优先级 level that may change under certain (indicated) conditions.

优先级 1 检查要点

In General (优先级 1)

• 1.1 Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element (例如, via "alt", "longdesc", or in element content). This includes: images, graphical representations of text (including symbols), image map regions, animations (例如, animated GIFs), applets and programmatic objects, ascii art, frames, scripts, images used as list bullets, spacers, graphical buttons, sounds (played with or without user interaction), stand-alone audio files, audio tracks of video, and video.
• 2.1 Ensure that all information conveyed with color is also available without color, for example from context or markup.
• 4.1 Clearly identify changes in the natural language of a document's text and any text equivalents (例如, captions).
• 6.1 Organize documents so they may be read without 样式表. For example, when an HTML document is rendered without associated 样式表, it must still be possible to read the document.
• 6.2 Ensure that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes.
• 7.1 Until 用户代理 allow users to control flickering, avoid causing the screen to flicker.
• 14.1 Use the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's content.

And if you use images and image maps (优先级 1)

• 1.2 Provide redundant text links for each active region of a server-side image map.
• 9.1 Provide client-side image maps instead of server-side image maps except where the regions cannot be defined with an available geometric shape.

And if you use tables (优先级 1)

• 5.1 For data tables, identify row and column headers.
• 5.2 For data tables that have two or more logical levels of row or column headers, use markup to associate data cells and header cells.

And if you use frames (优先级 1)

• 12.1 Title each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation.

And if you use applets and scripts (优先级 1)

• 6.3 Ensure that pages are usable when scripts, applets, or other programmatic objects are turned off or not supported. If this is not possible, provide equivalent information on an alternative accessible page.

And if you use multimedia (优先级 1)

• 1.3 Until 用户代理 can automatically read aloud the text equivalent of a visual track, provide an auditory description of the important information of the visual track of a multimedia presentation.
• 1.4 For any time-based multimedia presentation (例如, a movie or animation), synchronize equivalent alternatives (例如, captions or auditory descriptions of the visual track) with the presentation.

And if all else fails (优先级 1)

• 11.4 If, after best efforts, you cannot create an accessible page, provide a link to an alternative page that uses W3C technologies, is accessible, has equivalent information (or functionality), and is updated as often as the inaccessible (original) page.

优先级 2 检查要点

In General (优先级 2)

• 2.2 Ensure that foreground and background color combinations provide sufficient contrast when viewed by someone having color deficits or when viewed on a black and white screen. [优先级 2 for images, 优先级 3 for text].
• 3.1 When an appropriate markup language exists, use markup rather than images to convey information.
• 3.2 Create documents that validate to published formal grammars.
• 3.3 Use 样式表 to control layout and presentation.
• 3.4 Use relative rather than absolute units in markup language attribute values and 样式表 property values.
• 3.5 Use header elements to convey document structure and use them 根据规范.
• 3.6 Mark up lists and list items properly.
• 3.7 Mark up quotations. Do not use quotation markup for formatting effects such as indentation.
• 6.5 Ensure that dynamic content is accessible or provide an alternative presentation or page.
• 7.2 Until 用户代理 allow users to control blinking, avoid causing content to blink (i.e., change presentation at a regular rate, such as turning on and off).
• 7.4 Until 用户代理 provide the ability to stop the refresh, do not create periodically auto-refreshing pages.
• 7.5 Until 用户代理 provide the ability to stop auto-redirect, do not use markup to redirect pages automatically. Instead, configure the server to perform redirects.
• 10.1 Until 用户代理 allow users to turn off spawned windows, do not cause pop-ups or other windows to appear and do not change the current window without informing the user.
• 11.1 Use W3C technologies when they are available and appropriate for a task and use the 最新版本s when supported.
• 11.2 Avoid deprecated features of W3C technologies.
• 12.3 Divide large blocks of information into more manageable groups where natural and appropriate.
• 13.1 Clearly identify the target of each link.
• 13.2 Provide metadata to add semantic information to pages and sites.
• 13.3 Provide information about the general layout of a site (例如, a site map or 目录).
• 13.4 Use navigation mechanisms in a consistent manner.

And if you use tables (优先级 2)

• 5.3 Do not use tables for layout unless the table makes sense when linearized. Otherwise, if the table does not make sense, provide an alternative equivalent (which may be a linearized version).
• 5.4 If a table is used for layout, do not use any structural markup for the purpose of visual formatting.

And if you use frames (优先级 2)

• 12.2 Describe the purpose of frames and how frames relate to each other if it is not obvious by frame titles alone.

And if you use forms (优先级 2)

• 10.2 Until 用户代理 support explicit associations between labels and form controls, for all form controls with implicitly associated labels, ensure that the label is properly positioned.
• 12.4 Associate labels explicitly with their controls.

And if you use applets and scripts (优先级 2)

• 6.4 For scripts and applets, ensure that event handlers are input device-independent.
• 7.3 Until 用户代理 allow users to freeze moving content, avoid movement in pages.
• 8.1 Make programmatic elements such as scripts and applets directly accessible or compatible with assistive technologies [优先级 1 if functionality is important and not presented elsewhere, otherwise 优先级 2.]
• 9.2 Ensure that any element that has its own interface can be operated in a device-independent manner.
• 9.3 For scripts, specify logical event handlers rather than device-dependent event handlers.

优先级 3 检查要点

In General (优先级 3)

• 4.2 Specify the expansion of each abbreviation or acronym in a document where it first occurs.
• 4.3 Identify the primary natural language of a document.
• 9.4 Create a logical tab order through links, form controls, and objects.
• 9.5 Provide keyboard shortcuts to important links (including those in client-side image maps), form controls, and groups of form controls.
• 10.5 Until 用户代理 (including assistive technologies) render adjacent links distinctly, include non-link, printable characters (surrounded by spaces) between adjacent links.
• 11.3 Provide information so that users may receive documents according to their preferences (例如, language, content type, etc.)
• 13.5 Provide navigation bars to highlight and give access to the navigation mechanism.
• 13.6 Group related links, identify the group (for 用户代理), and, until 用户代理 do so, provide a way to bypass the group.
• 13.7 If search functions are provided, enable different types of searches for different skill levels and preferences.
• 13.8 Place distinguishing information at the beginning of headings, paragraphs, lists, etc.
• 13.9 Provide information about document collections (i.e., documents comprising multiple pages.).
• 13.10 Provide a means to skip over multi-line ASCII art.
• 14.2 Supplement text with graphic or auditory presentations where they will facilitate comprehension of the page.
• 14.3 Create a style of presentation that is consistent across pages.

And if you use images and image maps (优先级 3)

• 1.5 Until 用户代理 render text equivalents for client-side image map links, provide redundant text links for each active region of a client-side image map.

And if you use tables (优先级 3)

• 5.5 Provide summaries for tables.
• 5.6 Provide abbreviations for header labels.
• 10.3 Until 用户代理 (including assistive technologies) render side-by-side text correctly, provide a linear text alternative (on the current page or some other) for all tables that lay out text in parallel, word-wrapped columns.

And if you use forms (优先级 3)

• 10.4 Until 用户代理 handle empty controls correctly, include default, place-holding characters in edit boxes and text areas.